FACIAL BEAUTY – GOLDEN PROPORTIONS
Facial beauty is perceived as pleasing and attractive when there is balance and harmony of facial features. Although we can subjectively appreciate a beautiful face we can also evaluate beauty mathematically. The mathematical analysis of the face uses the "golden proportion".
Beauty is inherent to the human mind.
The human mind perceives some forms as beautiful and others as unbalanced and less pleasant. This sense of beauty is inherent to the human mind and is not learned. Newborns recognize their mother by facial proportions. Infants respond to beautiful forms. Very young children can identify attractive faces. Even across different ethnicities and cultures there is a common understanding of who is attractive. Different cultures and eras have slight difference in perception of an attractive face, but these variations are more a matter of style than a change in the underlying appreciation of the proportions of beauty.
Beauty can be described mathematically in the "golden proportions."
We better understand the underlying mathematical and scientific basis of beauty. The first reference in western culture to the pleasure derived from mathematical proportions came from the Greek philosopher Pythagoras. The first mathematical formula for beauty came from Italy in the 1495 from Fibonacci who described the “De Divina proportione” which we now refer to as the golden ratio" or divine proportion.
The golden ratio of 1.618 to 1 is designated by the Greek letter phi and is used to create geometrical forms including the golden rectangle, golden triangle and the golden spiral (Nautilus shell). In 1509, Pacioli published a dissertation De Divina Proporcione (divine proportions) that related these proportions to human form art and architecture. Leonardo da Vinci illustrated that dissertation. Subsequently, many scientists have demonstrated the existence of golden proportions throughout nature, and the use of golden proportions in man-made forms.
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Leonardo da Vinci illustrated that dissertation. Subsequently, many scientists have demonstrated the existence of golden proportions throughout nature, and the use of golden proportions in man-made forms.
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In summary, I am aware of the importance of facial balance, I have
an inherent aesthetic appreciation and I can mathematically reaffirm my
vision. Finally, I can use computer imaging to show you what may be
possible.
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NOSE SURGERY (RHINOPLASTY)
Rhinoplasty reshapes the nose and also can improve nasal breathing.
Nasal surgery can:
- Reduce the enlarged humped nose (reduction rhinoplasty)
- Refine the flat, broad nose to increase the size or projection of the nose (augmentation rhinoplasty).
The best results in facial cosmetic surgery are natural, proportioned and consistent with the ethnic character. A natural balanced proportion is important for an individual feature such as the nose and equally it equal important to balance that feature with the face as a whole. Rhinoplasty can be performed on all age groups including teens who have reached full growth. If the nasal shape and breathing problem is caused by documented trauma, the surgery may be partly covered by insurance.
Reduction Rhinoplasty
Reduction rhinoplasty makes the nose smaller, more refined and balanced by:
- Removing the bone and cartilage humps
- The bone of the nose may require either rasping or cutting to reduce its size and make it narrower
- Refining the cartilage tip.
- In most cases this involves removal or repositioning the tip cartilages. However, a smaller finer nasal tip can be achieved by adding cartilage to the tip of the nose rather than removing cartilage.
- Narrowing the width of the nose
- This may be achieved by moving the bone inward or by pulling the wide nasal base inward
- Reshaping nostrils
All noses are different and an individualized plan must be developed to achieve the desired form. I will take digital photos and show you examples of the various alternatives.
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Augmentation Rhinoplasty
Rhinoplasty is often requested by Asians, Hispanics or blacks to create a narrower raised bridge and tip. The bridge of the nose and the tip of the nose are treated separately:
- The nasal bridge will be thinner, more projecting and more defined by adding an implant.
- Silicone or other synthetic implant is added the bridge. In some cases cartilage is used to add to the bridge.
- The nasal tip will be narrower and more projected by adding cartilage and or repositioning the natural tip cartilages.
- Projection is improved by placing a "strut" cartilage graft in the columella to push the tip forward.
- The patient’s own cartilage is also grafted to the tip of the noses as a safer, more natural method than using silicone implants.
- In cases where the nostrils flare, a segment of skin in the nostril may be removed.
We will discuss how to balance your nose in relation to other facial features. Digital photographs and computer imaging allow us to evaluate the appropriate techniques to achieve the desired shape
Surgery can be performed with local anesthesia under IV sedation or with general anesthesia. The surgery can either be performed with and "open technique" or a "closed technique".
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CHIN ENLARGEMENT (MENTOPLASTY)
The chin is made more prominent by using an implant to project the contour of the chin to achieve balance in relation to the lips and nose. The implants are usually made of firm silicone rubber, but can be made from other synthetic materials. These implants are preformed and are supplied in various sizes and shapes.
In come cases, cutting an moving of the bone is an option. This is used when there is severe improper tooth position and a bad bite (malocclusion).
- The surgical procedure with local anesthesia in the office or general surgery in an ambulatory surgery center.
- An incision can be made under the chin in the natural crease or in the floor of the mouth.
- It is often combined with liposuction under the chin and neck (double chin).
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IMPLANTS FOR CHEEK ENLARGEMENT (MALARPLASTY)
Silicone implants are used contour of the cheek. The implants are usually made of firm silicone, but can be made from other synthetic materials. These implants are supplied in various sizes and shapes.
The surgery
- The surgical procedure is easily performed with local anesthesia or general anesthesia in the office or ambulatory surgery center.
- An incision can be made in the mouth behind the upper lip or an incision can be made under the eyelids.
- A space is made in front of the cheek bone and the implant is positioned into the space.
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LIP PLUMPING (AUGMENTATION)
Lips may lack fullness either as a normal genetic variation or as a result of aging. In either case the lips can be made fuller by implantation of various materials.
- Filler materials (Restylane, Juvederm, or fat) are most commonly used. These require an injection. However, those injections are temporary and must be replenished. Fat injections have been attempted but generally have been unpredictable.
- Surgical grafting of a segment of your own skin (dermis graft) is a more permanent or long-term fullness option. . The use of a dermal graft most commonly is done in conjunction with other cosmetic surgeries that remove skin such as a face lift.
- Alloderm or other manufactured preserved dermis is also frequently used as a graft material.
The procedure is done with local anesthesia. Incisions are made in the corner of the mouth and a tunnel is made between the lip muscle and the pink part of the lip (vermilion). A strip of the desired implant material (dermal graft, Alloderm) is threaded into the tunnel.
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EAR "PINNING" (OTOPLASTY)
Otoplasty is commonly referred to as "ear pinning". This surgery changes the shape of the cartilage of the ears so that the ears are less prominent. Ears are quite variable in shape and size but rarely attract attention. However oversized, distorted or protruding ears can distract from facial appearance. Children in particular are susceptible to this problem and are often teased and called “Dumbo” or other derogatory terms. An incision is made behind the ear and the cartilages are repositioned with incisions and suturing or are removed.
There are 2 major cause of ear prominence:
- Absence of the antihelical fold
- The ear may be lacking a fold in the upper third. This natural fold is called the antihelix.
- Sutures are placed in the ear cartilage behind the ear to recreate the fold.
- Excess conchal cartilage.
- The ear may have a prominent enlarged cup (around the external ear opening). This cup is called the concha.
- An incision is made and skin is removed behind the ear in the hidden crease adjacent to the bone
- The excess cartilage is remove or folded
Ear surgery is commonly performed during childhood. The surgery can easily be performed with local anesthesia, but with children under 7 years of age a general anesthetic may be required.
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LIPOSUCTION AND FAT INJECTION
As you age there is loss of fat throughout the face, but fat may accumulate in the neck. The gaunt appearance of ageing around the eyes is due to the loss of facial fat. The surgery to redistribute fat in the face is a new procedure with variable results.
- Fat can be suctioned (harvested) from the neck, abdomen or any body sight with excess fat
- The most common sites for fat injection are around the eyes, cheeks, and lips.
- Fat injection requires multiple stages several months apart. Two to five or more stages may be required for large volume replacement.
The procedure can be done with local or general anesthesia.
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